I-OS Yedesktop Eyimfihlo Kakhulu 2026 — Windows, macOS, Linux

Impendulo emfushane

Uma imfihlo iyindikimba enkulu futhi uzimisele ukushintsha imikhuba:

• Ithebheli yokushesha enkulu (isazi-phephandaba sivikelela imithombo, ummeleli wezinguquko ezifundeni elinosonga, umcwaningi wezokuphepha): I-Qubes OS ekusetshenziswa kwemihla ngemihla + I-Tails ku-USB ehlukene ngezikhathi eziphakeme zengozi.
• Ugxile emfihlweni kodwa usebenzayo (ufuna ikhompyutha ejwayelekile ebukekayo engashayeli ekhaya): I-Linux Mint — i-ecosystem yesoftware ehambelana ne-Ubuntu, izinezelo ze-Canonical zisusiwe, amasethingi ahlakaniphile.
• I-OS yokuthenga engcono kakhulu ngomfihlo: I-macOS Sequoia ne-Advanced Data Protection evuliwe. Isicindezelo somthombo ovaliwe siyasebenza, kodwa amasethingi amahle kune-Windows futhi ukuphepha kwidivayisi kuyakhazimula.
• Kufanele usebenzise i-Windows ngomsebenzi: I-Windows 11 Pro (hhayi i-Home) ne-Group Policy, BitLocker, Firefox, nezinguquko ezinobudlova. Kunokwenzeka ukuqhuba i-Windows 11 enomfihlo ngokufanele — nje usetshenzisa ngephepha lasekupheleni kweviki ukuyilungisa, futhi ibuyela ngayo yonke i-apdeyt enkulu.

Konke okungezansi yimininingwane ngemuva kwale ranking — ukuthi i-OS ngayinye yenzani ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuthi ungakushintsha ini, nokuthi awukwazi ukushintsha ini.

I-Windows 11 — isisekelo esingomfihlo

I-Windows 11 iyenye imbi kakhulu kuzo zonke izinketho ezivamile, hhayi ngoba inonya, kodwa ngoba imodeli yebhizinisi ye-Microsoft ibheka i-OS njengomkhiqizo wedatha. Imininingwane:

Isidingo se-akhawunti. I-Windows 11 Home idinga i-akhawunti ye-Microsoft ngesikhathi sokumisa. Izindlela zokuphasha ze-akhawunti yendawo (umyalo we-OOBE\BYPASSNRO, itrekhi ye-no@thankyou.com) ziqhubeka ukubethulwa ku-cumulative updates. I-Windows 11 Pro isivumela ama-accounts endawo ngesikhathi sokumisa uma ukukhetha indlela ye-"domain join".

I-Telemetry. Amazinga amabili: "Required diagnostic data" (njalo ivuliwe, ayikwazi ukuvaliwa nge-Settings UI — i-Group Policy ikuvumela ukuyinciphisa, kodwa ezinye izimpawu ziyaqhubeka ukugeleza) ne-"Optional diagnostic data" (i-telemetry yezinga lokusebenzisa iziphequluli engukwazi ukuyivala kodwa ivuliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo). I-Microsoft ishicilela isichazamazwi sedatha, okungaphezu kwazo izinhlelo ezinikeza amandla amningi ze-OS, kodwa umugqa wokuqala uthi "i-Microsoft iyazi lokho owenzayo".

I-Copilot + Recall. I-Recall (ku-Copilot+ PCs ene-NPUs) ithatha izithombe zesikrini sakho imizuzwana embalwa ngambalwa, izifunde ngokukhwabanisa, yakhe uhlu lokukhangeka lwasendaweni. Ngemuva kokungamuswa kwezokuphepha ngo-June 2024, i-Microsoft yenza ibe ivumekile, yabethela izinwe zedatha, futhi yadinga i-Windows Hello auth ukubuza. Ikhono eliyisisekelo liqhubeka ukubakhelwe ku-OS. Yonke i-apdeyt enkulu ivula umbuzo othi "i-Recall iyaqhubeka ivumekile ngempela na?" I-Copilot ngokwayo ithumela izicelo ku-Azure OpenAI ngaphandle uma uvala ngokuqondile leso sici.

Amasethingi e-OneDrive. Ukufaka okusha ngokuthulile kudluliselela Amadokhumenti akho, Izithombe, neDesktop ku-%OneDrive%\ bese iqala ukuvumelanisa. Izigidi zabasebenzisi zinazo izifayela zabo zomuntu siqu ku-cloud ye-Microsoft ngaphandle kokwenza isinqumo sokuzikhipha esiqondile.

I-Edge + Bing. Isiphequluli esizenzakalelayo sithumela izibuzo ku-Bing. I-Edge inezibonakaliso zomfihlo ezibalulekile (ukuvimbwa komlalisi, i-InPrivate) kodwa indlela yayo yokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo iqukethe ukuthumela ama-URL ku-Microsoft's Defender SmartScreen.

Okungakwenziwa. I-Windows 11 iwu-OS onakela kakhulu ngoba kunokuningi okudinga ukuvaliwa:

• Faka nge-akhawunti yendawo (i-Pro noma itrekhi ye-registry ku-Home)
• Qhuba i-O&O ShutUp10++ — uhlu lwamasethingi omfihlo angaphezu kuka-100 ane-"isincomo" okuzenzakalelayo. Isebenzisa i-Group Policy + izinguquko ze-registry eziphilelana nazo zonke i-apdeyt.
• Vala ukumisa kwe-OneDrive ngesikhathi sokufaka, uyisuse ngokugcwele uma ungayisebenzisi
• Shintshe i-Edge nge-Firefox noma i-Brave; shintsha ukusesha okuzenzakalelayo ku-DuckDuckGo, Kagi, noma Startpage
• Susa i-Cortana, i-Teams Consumer, nezinhlelo ze-Xbox uma uzisebenzisa
• I-BitLocker (i-Pro kuphela) noma i-VeraCrypt (i-Home) ye-FDE
• I-Group Policy: Computer Configuration → Administrative Templates → Windows Components → Data Collection

Ngemuva kwalo msebenzi, i-Windows 11 ingayenziwa ifane nomfihlo ne-Ubuntu engashintshiwe. Intela eqhubekayo ukubuyela emasethingi akho ngemuva kwe-Feature Update ngayinye (20H2, 22H2, 23H2, 24H2 ngayinye yaphinda yazisa izindlela ezimbalwa).

I-macOS Sequoia 15 — i-OS yokuthenga engcono kakhulu ngomfihlo

I-macOS Sequoia ingcono kakhulu kune-Windows 11 ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa "ingcono kune-Microsoft" akuyi kahle kahle nothi "imfihlo".

I-telemetry ye-Apple — i-Analytics, i-Device Analytics, ne-iCloud Analytics — zivalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ekufakeni okusha e-EU (GDPR), zivuliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo e-US (unguzivala ku-Settings → Privacy & Security → Analytics & Improvements). I-Apple ishicilela inqubo yayo yemfihlo futhi yenza izitatimende ezikhethekile ngokulungisa kwidivayisi, kodwa awukwazi ukuqinisekisa lezi zitatimende ngokuzimela ngoba i-OS ingomthombo ovaliwe.

Amasethingi e-iCloud. Izithombe, Izingxhumano, Ikhalenda, ne-iCloud Drive zivumelanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo uma ungena nge-Apple ID. I-Messages ku-iCloud ivalwe ngaphandle uma ivulwe. I-Advanced Data Protection (i-iCloud ebethelwe kwaphela phakathi kwazo zonke izigaba — Izithombe, Amanothi, i-Drive, i-backups) ivumekile futhi idinga i-iOS 16.2+ / macOS 13+ kuzo zonke idivayisi zakho. I-Apple iyayinciphisa ngesikhathi sokumisa ngoba ukuyivula kusho ukuthi i-Apple ayikwazi ukusindisa idatha yakho uma ulahlekelwa ukufinyelela.

I-Siri + Spotlight. Izibuzo zithumelwa ku-Apple ukuze zihlengwe. I-Apple ithi zenziwayo zangeke zahlotshaniswa ne-Apple ID yakho. Ungavala "Search Suggestions from Apple" ku-Safari ukuvimbela ukuthayipha kwenaba ye-URL ukufinyelela amaservu e-Apple.

I-Apple Intelligence (yengezwa ngo-2024). Iningi yayo iqhuba kwidivayisi kwezimodeli ezincane, kodwa ezinye izibuzo zithumelwa ku-Apple's "Private Cloud Compute" ingqalasizinda. I-PCC isebenzisa i-hardware eqinisekisiwe nezibinari ezishicilelwe — ukwakhiwa komfihlo okusha ngempela. Ivumekile e-EU, ivumekile ngazo zonke izindawo ngenye njengomacOS 15.

I-Gatekeeper + ukusayinwa kwekhodi. Yonke inhlelo uyiqhubayo ithola ukuhlola kwesiginesha ngesevisi ye-Apple yobukhosi. Izinhlelo zokuqala zishayela ikhaya nge-Developer ID hash — i-Apple ingangaziqopha yonke iMac eqhuba ini nanini. Lokhu kuyisici sokuphepha (ibamba izinhlelo ezaziwayo ezinezikhali) nezindleko zomfihlo. sudo spctl --master-disable iyavala ukusebenza kwesiginesha kodwa akukhuthazwa.

Amandla.

• I-Apple Silicon + Secure Enclave = ukuphepha okuqinile kwidivayisi, ukuvula ngomboko okuhlanganisiwe nehardware
• Izinhlelo ze-App Store zinama-labula omfihlo (izethulo zomqashwa ezizikhangisayo, kodwa zikhombisa ulwazi)
• Imodeli yezimvume inobukhali — izinhlelo kufanele zicelele ngaphambi kokufunda izingxhumano, ikhalenda, ikhamera, i-mic, indawo
• I-FileVault (FDE) ilula ukuyivula futhi isebenzisa i-Secure Enclave
• Akukho i-anti-virus eyamandalayo eshayela ikhaya

Ubuthakathaka.

• Umthombo ovaliwe — izitatimende zomfihlo zingamazwi e-Apple kuphela
• Ukukhesha kwe-iCloud kunasahlukanisa kuwo wonke amaphaneli amaSethingi
• Ukumisa kwe-Advanced Data Protection kunezingqinamba (i-Apple ngokuqondile ikwenza kunzima ukuyivula)
• Ukuvalwa kwe-hardware — uma ukhathalela imfihlo ngokwanele ukuthi uyiqinisekise, mhlawumbe ufuna ukuba ku-Linux ongayihlola

Ukumisa okungokoqobo. Ukufaka okusha → khipha i-analytics evumekile → vula i-FileVault → vula i-Advanced Data Protection uma zonke idivayisi zakho ziyisekela → faka i-Firefox → ungangeni ku-iCloud uze unqume ngokuqondile ukuthi izigaba ziphi ezizovumelaniswa.

I-Ubuntu 24.04 LTS — i-Linux edumile

I-Ubuntu i-Linux distribution efakiwe kakhulu kuma-desktop futhi isisekelo somfihlo esifanele. I-Canonical inalo umlando ohlanganisiwe kulesi sihloko.

I-Amazon lens ngo-2013. Ngesikhathi esifushane, ukusesha kwe-Ubuntu Unity's Dash kwathumela izibuzo ku-Amazon ngama-"lenses" okuthengisa. Lokhu kwaqalisa isikhathi eside sezinkinga zokwethemba emphakathini. Isici lasisuswa ku-16.04 futhi i-Canonical ayiliphindanga. Kubalulekile ukwazi ngoba kubonisa indlela abasebenzisi be-Linux abadala abazizwa ngayo mayelana ne-Ubuntu.

I-Telemetry yamanje.

• Ubuntu Report — isifinyezo se-hardware/software esingenamcebo, esithumelwa ngesikhathi sokufaka kanye. Ivumekile; ubona isikhundla ngaphambi kokuba isebenze.
• Apport — ukubika ukwephuka. Ivalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo kwezikhuni; uyavuma ngokukrasha ngakunye.
• Livepatch — ukuphatha okushisayo kwekhenel. Ivumekile; idinga ukubhalisa kwe-Ubuntu Advantage.
• PopCon — imidlalo yokuduma kwephekhisi. Ivalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Snap telemetry — isitolo se-snap se-Canonical siqoqa izibalo zokufaka/ukuhlaziya. Akuhlasi kwe-telemetry yesiphequluli kodwa kuseyisibizo ku-Canonical ngayo yonke i-snap efakiwe.

Amaskrini ankhona e-ubuntu-advantage-tools. Izinguqulo ze-Ubuntu zamuva zengeza izibizo ze-"motd" uma ufaka i-SSH noma uvula i-terminal, ukhangisa i-Ubuntu Pro. Kuyakhathaza kodwa akuyona inkinga yomfihlo (akukho idatha ephumayo). Zisuswa noma zithuliswa ku-24.04 ngokuseta ENABLED=0 ku-/etc/default/ubuntu-advantage-tools.

I-Snap vs apt. I-Ubuntu 22.04+ ihambisa i-Firefox njengephekhisi ye-snap. Isitolo se-snap sikhuluma namaservu e-Canonical; amaphekhisi e-apt avamile akhuluma noma iyiphi i-mirror oyilungisile. Uma ukuqondisa "konke nge-Canonical" kukukhathaza, zikhiphe ku-ppa:mozillateam/ppa Firefox apt package, noma ufake i-Firefox ngqo kusuka flatpak.

Amandla. Umthombo ovulekile, uhlolekayo, ukukhetha kwephekhisi okukhulu, ukusekelwa kwe-hardware okuhle, i-Wayland ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-22.04+, i-GNOME 46 ne-defaults ezifanele zomfihlo.

Ubuthakathaka. Izintando zezomthengi ze-Canonical ngezinye izikhathi ziqondisa kwi-data yabasebenzisi; i-Snap telemetry ayinqatshwi uma usebenzisa i-snaps; amaskrini ankhona e-"Ubuntu Advantage" ayabonakala.

Ukumisa okungokoqobo. Ukufaka okusha → khipha i-Ubuntu Report → vala i-Apport → vala i-PopCon → shintshe i-Snap Firefox nge-apt Firefox noma Flatpak → vula i-LUKS FDE ngesikhathi sokufaka → i-Firefox ne-uBlock Origin.

I-Fedora 41 — i-Linux yokuqala umthombo

I-Fedora i-distribution yomphakathi ye-Red Hat (IBM), esetshenziswa njengomsuka we-RHEL. Ngomfihlo inezinto ezifanayo ne-Ubuntu nezinguquko ezimbalwa.

Akukho okulingana ne-Canonical. I-Red Hat / IBM ayikhangisi ngokukhululeka kwe-"Advantage" kubasebenzisi bama-desktop; ukuphatha amandla kwezebhizinisi kuhlala ku-RHEL, hhayi ku-Fedora. Akukho amaskrini ankhona, akukho izibizo zokushesha zokunothile.

I-Telemetry ngokuzenzakalelayo. Yencane. I-Fedora Report (inhlolovo ye-hardware) iyengeniswa ku-42 — impikiswano yomphakathi eqhubekayo, isimo samanje sivumekile. I-ABRT (ukubika ukwephuka) ivumekile; uzobona isaziso lapho kwenzeka ukwephuka futhi unqume ukuthi uzothumela.

I-SELinux isetwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kusici sokuphepha, hhayi ukwazisa omfihlo ngokwakhiwa — iqukethe ukuxhashazwa kwinqanaba lohlelo ngakho inhlelo ekhohlakalisiwe ayikwazi ukufunda konke okusesistemini yakho. I-Ubuntu isebenzisa i-AppArmor ngenjongo efanayo kodwa enethinsi evumilayo ngokuzenzakalelayo. I-SELinux inobukhali obungaphezulu.

I-Flatpak + dnf. Iziphathi zamaphekhisi ze-Fedora. I-Flathub flatpaks ikhuluma ne-Flathub CDN (hhayi i-signal ye-telemetry, nje i-download); i-dnf ikhuluma nezibuko ze-Fedora.

I-Wayland kuqala. Yonke i-spin yedesktop (GNOME, KDE, XFCE, njl.) ihambisa i-Wayland njenge-session ezenzakalelayo, enokunganyelana okungcono phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-GUI kunale ye-X11 (izinhlelo azikwazi ukuthatha izithombe zesikrini / ukuqapha izikhiye ngokuphambili kwezinye).

Amandla. Akukho izikhombisi zokuthenga ezifanayo ne-Canonical, i-SELinux isetwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukulandelwa komthombo ngokukhulu (i-kernel/Mesa/GNOME zonke zamuva kune-Ubuntu).

Ubuthakathaka. Ukugijima esangqondweni kungenatha ukuthi "kunento eyephukile ngenxa yokuhlehla kwedrayivu"; isikhathi sokusekela saminyaka eyi-13 nge-release vs izinyaka ze-Ubuntu LTS ezinhlanu.

Ukumisa okungokoqobo. Ukufaka okusha → khipha imibiko yokwephuka (uthola isikhundla ngokuqala okwenzekayo) → vula i-LUKS ngesikhathi sokufaka → i-Firefox ifakiwe ngaphambi futhi hhayi i-flatpak ku-Fedora Workstation.

I-Linux Mint 22 — i-Linux emfihlo kakhulu ngokuzenzakalelayo

I-Linux Mint ukususa okudingekayo kwe-Ubuntu okuqhubekayo. Bathatha i-Ubuntu LTS yomthombo ophezulu, basuse izinezelo ze-Canonical, bashintsha idesktop nge-Cinnamon (noma Xfce / MATE), bayayihambisa. Lokho okutholayo:

Akukho i-Snap ngokuzenzakalelayo. I-Mint ngokuqondile isusa i-snap futhi ivimba i-apt ekufakeni i-snap daemon. I-Firefox ifakiwe njengephekhisi ye-apt evamile kusuka ku-Mozilla's PPA. Akukho amaskrini ankhona.

Akukho i-Ubuntu Report, akukho i-ubuntu-advantage-tools. I-Mint ivala noma isuse izigamu zokuthenga ze-Canonical.

Akukho i-telemetry. I-Mint ngokwayo ayishayeli ikhaya. Ukubika ukwephuka kuyavalwa. Iphathi yokuhlaziyi ikhuluma nezibuko ze-Mint nge-updates — ukuhamba kwephekhisi evamile — kodwa ayibiki ukusetshenziswa.

I-LMDE fallback. Uma ufuna inguqulo ye-Mint engelona elikhulu le-Canonical, i-LMDE (Linux Mint Debian Edition) isebenzisa i-Debian Stable njengomsuka. Isipiliyoni sedesktop esifanayo, umthombo ophezulu owehlukile.

I-Cinnamon. Uhlaka lwe-GNOME olunikeza ukuqama idesktop evamile efana ne-Windows. Incane "yesimanjemanje" kune-GNOME, incane yokhiye kunale ye-KDE, kodwa ifikeleka kubasebenzisi abashintsha kusuka ku-Windows.

Amandla. Amasethingi omfihlo amahlakaniphile kakhulu kunoma iyiphi i-distro evamile. Umphakathi omkhulu. Izikhuni. Ukusekelwa kwe-hardware okuhle ngesisekelo se-Ubuntu.

Ubuthakathaka. Ilambatha ekwamukeleni ubuchwepheshe obusha (i-Wayland isavumekile njengomacOS Mint 22, iqala nge-X11). I-Cinnamon inabakhiqizi abancane kune-GNOME noma i-KDE. Umthombo ophezulu we-Ubuntu usho ukuthi uthola izikhali ze-Ubuntu, nje hhayi i-telemetry yayo.

Ukumisa okungokoqobo. Ukufaka okusha → vula i-LUKS ngesikhathi sokufaka → hlaziya → faka i-Firefox (isekho) + uBlock Origin → yilokho nje. I-Mint i-distro lapho "ukufaka nokusebenzisa" kukupha ukuma komfihlo ofanele ngaphandle komsebenzi owengeziwe.

I-Qubes OS 4.2 — uklamo oluhlukene njengethebheli yokushesha

I-Qubes iku-category yayo. Esikhundleni sokuzama ukwenza i-OS eyodwa ibe yimfihlo kakhulu, i-Qubes icabanga ukuthi noma iyiphi inhlelo eyodwa izokhohlakaliswa futhi yahlukene ngokusabela kusetshenziswa i-virtualization.

Indlela yokusebenza. I-Qubes iqhuba ku-bare metal nge-Xen hypervisor. Yonke i-"VM" (ebizwa ngokuthi qube ngokwalezi zinhlelo) iqhuba i-Linux userspace esetshenzwa — ngokuvamile i-Fedora noma i-Debian templates. Lapho ucofela ilege lephephandaba, livuleka ku-DisposableVM ebhujiswa ngemuva kokuyivala. I-banking yakho yenzeka ku-AppVM yayo ene-access yenethiwekhi kuphela yebhange lakho. Ukuzula ama-links angejwayelekile kwenzeka ku-Whonix-Workstation qube edlulisa nge-Tor.

Inkokhelo ye-UX. Ukusonga nokuyeka phakathi kwama-qubes kudinga isikhundla seklabodi esiqondile (Ctrl+Shift+V) esekhonfa ukudluliswa. Amafayela ahanjiswa phakathi kwama-qubes adlula ku-FileCopy dialog ezinikeleyo. Ulahlekela ukucabanga "konke kusebenza nje edesktop efanayo" kwe-OS evamile — kodwa uthole imingcele yeqiniso yokuphepha.

Izici zokuphepha.

• Ukuxhashazwa kwesiphequluli ku-work qube akukwazi ukufinyelela izifayela ku-personal qube.
• I-PDF reader ekhohlakalisiwe ayikwazi ukukhipha isikhwama sakho semali.
• I-USB thumb drive efakiwe ifakwa ku-dedicated sys-usb qube — uma igcwele i-malware, ifinyelela i-disposable VM, hhayi i-dom0 (izwe lokuphatha elithenjwayo).
• I-dom0 ayin-access yenethiwekhi nhlobo; ngokwezinga, awukwazi ukuqhuba isiphequluli ku-dom0.

Izidingo ze-hardware. I-RAM engu-16 GB okungenani (i-Qubes incoma i-RAM engu-16 GB), engu-32 GB ngokusebenzayo. I-SSD ekhawula (i-NVMe kukhethwa). Ama-CPU e-Intel ane-VT-x + VT-d; ama-laptop athile asekuhlu lokuhambisana kwe-hardware (i-Thinkpads zamuva, i-Framework, i-System76 Oryx Pro).

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Tor nge-Whonix. Ngaphandle kwesandla, i-Qubes ihambisa ne-Whonix templates — ukumisa kwe-VM mbili lapho i-VM eyodwa yenza ukuqondisa kwe-Tor nenye iqhuba isiphequluli sakho, ngaphandle kwendlela yesiphequluli yokufunda i-IP yangempela ngisho yaxhashazwa ngokugcwele. I-architecture ye-Tor engcono ngaphandle kwe-Tails.

Amandla. Imodeli yokuphepha evangela abasebenzisi abakhulu abaphakeme. Umthombo ovulekile. U-Snowden nabazali bamaphephandaba abanenani eliphakeme bayisebenzisa esidlangalaleni.

Ubuthakathaka. Ukufunda nzima (amaviki ama-2-4 ukupheleliseka). Izidingo ze-hardware ezikhulu. Ukusekelwa kwe-hardware okulinganiselwe — amahlu ama-laptop athile kuneze "i-hardware yamuva eningi". Akukho software yokuthenga; useizinhlelo ze-Linux kuphela.

Ukumisa okungokoqobo. Isikhokelo sokufaka esisemthethweni se-Qubes sibalulekile. Cabanga ngephepha lasekupheleni kweviki lokufaka okuqala nokufunda imodeli ye-qube. Hlanganisa ne-laptop ehambisanayo (hlola uhlu lwabo lwe-HCL — ungathengeli i-hardware engejwayelekile).

I-Tails 6.x — izinkambu ezikhumbulayo ku-USB

I-Tails (The Amnesic Incognito Live System) i-OS ephilayo esekelwe ku-Debian eqala ku-USB futhi ikhohlwe konke lapho uyivala. Yonke ixhumano eliphumayo liphoqelelwe nge-Tor — uma kuba nephutha kwinhlelo ozama ukwenza uxhumano olungqondile, lihluleka esikhundleni sokungeqe.

Indlela yokuyisebenzisa. Qala umshini omisiwe usuka ku-Tails USB. Uyisebenzise. Qala kabusha. Idrayivu yenqina yomshini ayizange ithintwe (ngaphandle uma uvuma ngokuqondile). Akukho uphawu lwesession oluhlala noma kuphi ngaphandle kwenkumbulo yomuntu.

Ukugcina okugcinwayo. Ivumekile, ku-USB efanayo, ibethelwa nge-LUKS. Ikuvumela ukugcina ifolda enikelekiyo, amasethingi e-Tor bridge, nohlu omfishane wezinhlelo phakathi kokunqamula. Konke okukodwa kuqhubeka ukukhohlwa.

Ukuqondisa kwe-Tor. Yonke ingqokelela. Akukho "i-split tunnel", akukho "ukukhesha okusekelwe kumizila". Izinhlelo ezingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-Tor azikwazi nje ukuxhuma. Lokhu kunobukhali futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyakhathaza (ezinye izinhlelo zekhonferensi zombangazwe ziyaphuka, iziza eziningi zamabhange zivimba izimbobo ze-Tor exit) kodwa kuwuphawu lokuphepha.

Amandla. Ikhohlwa ngoklamo — i-USB elahlekile ayikuvezi isession yakho. I-Tor ngokuzenzakalelayo — akukho ndlela yokuveza ngokungaqondile i-IP yakho yangempela. Izinga lokushesha elincinane — isidladla se-software esilinganiselwe. Ikhona ngomphakathi ongenafuzo.

Ubuthakathaka. Hhayi i-driver yemihla ngemihla. Ukuqala ku-USB kulambatha. Ukukhetha kwesoftware kulinganiselwe ngokuqondile. I-latency ye-Tor iphula izinsizakalo eziningi zokuthenga. Akukho isimo sesistemu eqhubekayo phakathi kokuqalisa kabusha ngaphandle uma uvuma.

Ingcono ngeze.

• Ukuwela imingcele (qala kabusha ku-OS evamile ngaphambi kobhekesha lwamadolobha)
• Ukuhlangana nemithombo yamaphephandaba
• Ucwaningo ngesihloko esinobudlova okungekufanele kuhlanganiswe namazwi akho omuntu oyaye
• Noma iyiphi isession lapho "lokho owenzayo manje akumelele kuhlotshaniswe nothina unguye isikhathi sonke"

Ukumisa okungokoqobo. Landa i-Tails kusuka tails.net, uqinisekise isiginesha (kubalulekile), ufake ku-USB ≥ 8 GB, uqalise umshini omisiwe kusuka kuyo (kungadinga ukuvula i-BIOS/UEFI). Seta iphasiwedi yomphathi uma udinga ukuqhuba imiyalo ye-sudo ngesikhathi sesession.

Ithebhuli yokuqhathanisa

I-OS	I-Telemetry (ngokuzenzakalelayo)	I-akhawunti edingekayo	Umthombo ovulekile	I-FDE ngokuzenzakalelayo	Amasethingi e-cloud	Amanqe omfihlo
Windows 11 Home	Njalo ivuliwe + ukukhesha kuphela	Yebo (Microsoft)	Cha	Ngezinye izikhathi (i-Device Encryption ye-auto)	I-OneDrive ivuliwe	★☆☆☆☆
Windows 11 Pro	Inganciphiswa nge-Group Policy	Cha (inketho ye-domain join)	Cha	Yebo (BitLocker)	I-OneDrive ivuliwe	★★☆☆☆
macOS Sequoia	Ukukhesha e-EU, ivuliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo e-US	Ikhuthazwa (Apple ID)	Cha	Cha (umsebenzisi kufanele avule i-FileVault)	I-iCloud ivuliwe kweZithombe	★★★☆☆
Ubuntu 24.04	Ukuvuma ngesikhathi sokufaka kuphela	Cha	Yebo	Evumekile ngesikhathi sokufaka	Yicela (i-snap telemetry)	★★★★☆
Fedora 41	Imibiko yokwephuka evumekile	Cha	Yebo	Evumekile ngesikhathi sokufaka	Yicela	★★★★☆
Linux Mint 22	Ayikho	Cha	Yebo	Evumekile ngesikhathi sokufaka	Yicela	★★★★★
Qubes OS 4.2	Ayikho	Cha	Yebo	Yebo (LUKS yamandalayo)	Yicela	★★★★★
Tails 6.x	Ayikho	Cha	Yebo	I-vol eqhubekayo evumekile	Yicela (i-Tor iqondisa)	★★★★★

(Izinkanyezi zihlanganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo "umthwalo we-telemetry + inhlawulo yomthombo ovaliwe + i-FDE ngokuzenzakalelayo + ukuboshwa kwamafu". Akukhona into eyodwa ebalulekile — i-Windows 11 Pro eqiniswayo inganenwa kakhulu ngomfihlo kune-Ubuntu efakiwe ngokungaqaphelisisi.)

Isincomo sethu ngokusetshenziswa

1. Umthengi ogxile emfihlweni odinga nayo software evamile (i-Adobe, eminidlalo, i-Office, i-Zoom, njl.). I-Windows 11 Pro ne-BitLocker + O&O ShutUp10++ + Firefox + i-akhawunti yendawo. Noma ukuqala okubili i-Windows yezinhlelo ezidingayo ne-Linux Mint ngazo zonke ezinye.

2. Umsebenzi wolwazi, umqulusi, umfundi, umbhali. I-Linux Mint ne-LUKS + Firefox + uBlock Origin. Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye emikhakha ye-Windows/macOS ihambisana ngokuqondile ne-Mint. I-LibreOffice yamamadokhumenti amaningi, i-OnlyOffice uma udinga ukuhambisana okungcono ne-Microsoft Office.

3. Umqophi wamakliphu / umdizayini osebenzisa i-Adobe Creative Cloud. I-macOS Sequoia ne-FileVault + Advanced Data Protection + Firefox. Ukusekela kwe-Adobe kwangempela ku-macOS; kuyinkinga ku-Linux (i-Wine/Bottles isebenza kwezinye izinhlelo, hhayi zonke). Ukusebenza kwe-Apple Silicon kumsebenzi womvide ngempela kwakahle kakhulu phakathi kwezinketho ezintathu zokuthenga.

4. Isaziphephandaba / ummeleli wezinguquko / umcwaningi ophatha izinto ezinobudlova. I-Qubes OS kuhardware ehambisanayo ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla + I-Tails ku-USB ngezikhathi eziphakeme zengozi ezenzeka kanye. Sebenzisa idivayisi zomzimba ezehlukene "nganazwi omuntu wonke" vs "umsebenzi onobudlova" uma kunokwenzeka.

5. Inkambu ephakeme yengozi ekwenzeka kanye (ukuwela umngcele, ukuhlangana nomthombo, ucwaningo ngesihloko). I-Tails ku-USB, iqaline kumshini ohlanzekile, ivalwe ngemuva. Ungaphindi usebenzise i-USB phakathi kwezinhlangano ezehlukile zengozi ngaphandle kokusula i-persistent volume.

6. Ugogo noma okhokho befunda ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha. I-ChromeOS ku-Chromebook ngenye yokuphumulwa, NOMA i-Linux Mint Cinnamon uma kukhona ilungu lomndeni elingakwazi ukumisa ekuqaleni. Gwema i-Windows 11 Home — ukumisa kwe-akhawunti ye-Microsoft ngokwayo kuyadida futhi umsebenzi wokunothisa awufanele ngomsebenzisi oncane.

Lokho esiqhuba khona ngempela

Ukunambitha: iqembu lika-ipdrop.io liquba uhlanganiso — i-macOS yamakliphu/idizayini/umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla, i-Linux Mint kumshini owehlukile wokuthuthukiswa/umsebenzi onobudlova, ne-Tails USB ehokweni esetshenziswa mhlawumbe izikhathi eziyi-3-4 ngonyaka. I-Qubes siyahlonipha kodwa asiyisebenzisi nsuku zonke — ukuxabana kwangempela futhi ithebheli yethu yokushesha ayidingeki.

Noma nikhetha ini, ukushintsha okusemqoka kakhulu ngomfihlo akuyona i-OS — ukuvula ukubethelwa kwedisiki yonke, ukusebenzisa iphathi yamaphasiwedi, nokungahlanganisi amanazwi ezinobudlova esiphequluli sakho semihla ngemihla. Ukukhetha i-OS kuhlaka; imikhuba iyisithombe.

Ezinamahlangothi

• Uhlu Lokuhlola Lomfihlo — izinyathelo ezingama-20 ukuhlola ama-akhawunti akho
• Iyini i-VPN? — izinga elingaphezulu kwe-OS ngomfihlo wenethiwekhi
• I-Email Ebethelwe — Proton Mail, Tutanota, Mailbox.org kuqhathaniswa
• Ukugcina Amafayela Abethelwe — Proton Drive, Tresorit, Sync.com kuqhathaniswa
• Proton Pass vs Bitwarden — ukubheka ujule kwiPhathi yamaPhasiwedi